What is the purpose of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)?

The purpose of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is specifically to prevent HIV infection after potential exposure to the virus. PEP involves taking antiretroviral medication within 72 hours of a possible exposure, such as through sexual contact, sharing needles, or occupational exposure in healthcare settings. The treatment must be initiated promptly, as its effectiveness diminishes significantly after the 72-hour window.

PEP is intended for urgent scenarios where an individual has been potentially exposed to HIV and is not already HIV-positive. Its goal is to inhibit the virus's ability to replicate and establish an infection in the body. If taken correctly for the full 28-day regimen and if the exposure was indeed high-risk, PEP can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing HIV.

Other options do not align with the definition or purpose of PEP. For example, the notion of reducing recurring infections refers more to ongoing treatment strategies rather than immediate prophylactic measures. Long-term treatment for HIV is provided by antiretroviral therapy (ART), and promoting ART adherence is aimed at individuals who are already infected with HIV, not at those needing immediate post-exposure intervention.