What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

The distinction between HIV and AIDS is fundamental in understanding the progression of the disease. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is the virus that attacks the immune system and specifically targets CD4 cells, which are crucial for the body’s defense against infections. If untreated, HIV can lead to a significant depletion of CD4 cells, leading to a severely compromised immune system.

AIDS, or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is not a virus but rather a syndrome that represents the most advanced stage of HIV infection. It is characterized by a group of symptoms and infections that occur when the immune system is severely damaged due to the depletion of CD4 cells. Therefore, while all individuals with AIDS have HIV, not all individuals with HIV will progress to AIDS, especially with effective treatment.

This understanding emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of HIV, which can prevent the progression to AIDS and help people lead healthy lives.