What effect does circumcision have on the risk of acquiring or transmitting the HIV virus?

Circumcision has been shown to have a significant effect on reducing the risk of both acquiring and transmitting the HIV virus. Numerous studies, particularly in high-prevalence regions, have indicated that male circumcision can decrease the likelihood of both heterosexual men becoming infected with HIV and the transmission of the virus to sexual partners.

The protective mechanism is believed to relate to the removal of the foreskin, which is thought to harbor a higher concentration of immune cells that are susceptible to HIV infection. The circumcised penis has a different mucosal environment that may be less conducive to the virus's ability to enter the body.

Furthermore, clinical trials and public health studies have supported circumcision as a viable intervention in HIV prevention strategies. As such, the evidence behind circumcision contributing to a reduced risk of HIV acquisition and transmission is well established within the global health community.